Author: Derek Carr

Have you ever seen someone take more than their fair share of the cookies? The one person who reaches in and grabs a half dozen fresh baked chocolate chip chunk morsels and skitters off like Cookie Monster exclaiming “Om nom nom nom.”

In some rare workloads, a similar occurrence was taking place inside Kubernetes clusters. With each Pod and Node, there comes a finite number of possible process IDs (PIDs) for all applications to share. While it is rare for any one process or pod to reach in and grab all the PIDs, some users were experiencing resource starvation due to this type of behavior. So in Kubernetes 1.14, we introduced an enhancement to mitigate the risk of a single pod monopolizing all of the PIDs available.

Can You Spare Some PIDs?

Here, we’re talking about the greed of certain containers. Outside the ideal, runaway processes occur from time to time, particularly in clusters where testing is taking place. Thus, some wildly non-production-ready activity is happening.

In such a scenario, it’s possible for something akin to a fork bomb taking place inside a node. As resources slowly erode, being taken over by some zombie-like process that continually spawns children, other legitimate workloads begin to get bumped in favor of this inflating balloon of wasted processing power. This could result in other processes on the same pod being starved of their needed PIDs. It could also lead to interesting side effects as a node could fail and a replica of that pod is scheduled to a new machine where the process repeats across your entire cluster.

Fixing the Problem

Thus, in Kubernetes 1.14, we have added a feature that allows for the configuration of a kubelet to limit the number of PIDs a given pod can consume. If that machine supports 32,768 PIDs and 100 pods, one can give each pod a budget of 300 PIDs to prevent total exhaustion of PIDs. If the admin wants to overcommit PIDs similar to cpu or memory, they may do so as well with some additional risks. Either way, no one pod can bring the whole machine down. This will generally prevent against simple fork bombs from taking over your cluster.

This change allows administrators to protect one pod from another, but does not ensure if all pods on the machine can protect the node, and the node agents themselves from falling over. Thus, we’ve introduced a feature in this release in alpha form that provides isolation of PIDs from end user workloads on a pod from the node agents (kubelet, runtime, etc.). The admin is able to reserve a specific number of PIDs–similar to how one reserves CPU or memory today–and ensure they are never consumed by pods on that machine. Once that graduates from alpha, to beta, then stable in future releases of Kubernetes, we’ll have protection against an easily starved Linux resource.

Get started with Kubernetes 1.14.

Get Involved

If you have feedback for this feature or are interested in getting involved with the design and development, join the Node Special Interest Group.

About the author:

Derek Carr is Senior Principal Software Engineer at Red Hat. He is a Kubernetes contributor and member of the Kubernetes Community Steering Committee.

Authors:
Paris Pittman (Google), Jonas Rosland (VMware)

tl;dr – click here for Barcelona Contributor Summit information.

As our contributing community grows in great numbers, with more than 16,000 contributors this year across 150+ GitHub repositories, it’s important to provide face to face connections for our large distributed teams to have opportunities for collaboration and learning. In Contributor Experience, our methodology with planning events is a lot like our documentation; we build from personas – interests, skills, and motivators to name a few. This way we ensure there is valuable content and learning for everyone.

We build the contributor summits around you:

• New Contributor
• Current Contributor
  • docs
  • code
  • community management
• Subproject OWNERs
• Special Interest Group (SIG) / Working Group (WG) Chair or Tech Lead
• Active Contributors
• Casual Contributors

These personas combined with ample feedback from previous events, produce the altogether experience that welcomed over 600 contributors in Copenhagen (May), Shanghai(November), and Seattle(December) in 2018. Seattle’s event drew over 300+ contributors, equal to Shanghai and Copenhagen combined, for the 6th contributor event in Kubernetes history. In true Kubernetes fashion, we expect another record breaking year of attendance. We’ve pre-ordered 900+ contributor patches, a tradition, and we are looking forward to giving them to you!

With that said…
Save the Dates:
Barcelona: May 19th (evening) and 20th (all day)
Shanghai: June 24th (all day)
San Diego: November 18th, 19th, and activities in KubeCon/CloudNativeCon week

In an effort of continual improvement, here’s what to expect from us this year:

• Large new contributor workshops and contributor socials at all three events expected to break previous attendance records
• A multiple track event in San Diego for all contributor types including workshops, birds of a feather, lightning talks and more
• Addition of a “201” / “Intermediate” edition of the new contributor workshop in San Diego
• An event website!
• Follow along with updates: kubernetes-dev@googlegroups.com is our main communication hub as always; however, we will also blog here, our Thursday Kubernetes Community Meeting, twitter, SIG meetings, event site, discuss.kubernetes.io, and #contributor-summit on Slack.
• Opportunities to get involved: We still have 2019 roles available!
  Reach out to Contributor Experience via community@kubernetes.io, stop by a Wednesday SIG update meeting, or catch us on Slack (#sig-contribex).

Thanks!

Our 2018 crew ?
Jorge Castro, Paris Pittman, Bob Killen, Jeff Sica, Megan Lehn, Guinevere Saenger, Josh Berkus, Noah Abrahams, Yang Li, Xiangpeng Zhao, Puja Abbassi, Lindsey Tulloch, Zach Corleissen, Tim Pepper, Ihor Dvoretskyi, Nancy Mohamed, Chris Short, Mario Loria, Jason DeTiberus, Sahdev Zala, Mithra Raja

And an introduction to our 2019 crew (a thanks in advance 😉 )…
Jonas Rosland, Josh Berkus, Paris Pittman, Jorge Castro, Bob Killen, Deb Giles, Guinevere Saenger, Noah Abrahams, Yang Li, Xiangpeng Zhao, Puja Abbassi, Rui Chen, Tim Pepper, Ihor Dvoretskyi, Dawn Foster

Relive Seattle Contributor Summit

? 80% growth rate since the Austin 2017 December event
? Event waiting list: 103
? 76 contributors were on-boarded through the New Contributor Workshop
? 92% of the current contributors RSVPs attended and of those:
??‍? 25% were Special Interest Group or Working Group Chairs or Tech Leads
? 70% were eligible to vote in the last steering committee election
? 20+ Sessions
? Most watched to date: Technical Vision, Security, API Code Base Tour
? Top 3 according to survey: Live API Code Review, Deflaking Unconference, Technical Vision
? ? 160 attendees for the social at Garage on Sunday night where we sunk eight balls and recorded strikes (out in some cases)
? Special recognition: SIG Storage, @dims, and @jordan
? Pictures (special thanks to rdodev)
Garage Pic
Reg Desk

“I love Contrib Summit! The intros and deep dives during KubeCon were a great extension of Contrib Summit. Y’all did an excellent job in the morning to level set expectations and prime everyone.” – julianv
“great work! really useful and fun!” – coffeepac

Authors:
Paris Pittman (Google), Jonas Rosland (VMware)

tl;dr – click here for Barcelona Contributor Summit information.

As our contributing community grows in great numbers, with more than 16,000 contributors this year across 150+ GitHub repositories, it’s important to provide face to face connections for our large distributed teams to have opportunities for collaboration and learning. In Contributor Experience, our methodology with planning events is a lot like our documentation; we build from personas – interests, skills, and motivators to name a few. This way we ensure there is valuable content and learning for everyone.

We build the contributor summits around you:

• New Contributor
• Current Contributor
  • docs
  • code
  • community management
• Subproject OWNERs
• Special Interest Group (SIG) / Working Group (WG) Chair or Tech Lead
• Active Contributors
• Casual Contributors

These personas combined with ample feedback from previous events, produce the altogether experience that welcomed over 600 contributors in Copenhagen (May), Shanghai(November), and Seattle(December) in 2018. Seattle’s event drew over 300+ contributors, equal to Shanghai and Copenhagen combined, for the 6th contributor event in Kubernetes history. In true Kubernetes fashion, we expect another record breaking year of attendance. We’ve pre-ordered 900+ contributor patches, a tradition, and we are looking forward to giving them to you!

With that said…
Save the Dates:
Barcelona: May 19th (evening) and 20th (all day)
Shanghai: June 24th (all day)
San Diego: November 18th, 19th, and activities in KubeCon/CloudNativeCon week

In an effort of continual improvement, here’s what to expect from us this year:

• Large new contributor workshops and contributor socials at all three events expected to break previous attendance records
• A multiple track event in San Diego for all contributor types including workshops, birds of a feather, lightning talks and more
• Addition of a “201” / “Intermediate” edition of the new contributor workshop in San Diego
• An event website!
• Follow along with updates: kubernetes-dev@googlegroups.com is our main communication hub as always; however, we will also blog here, our Thursday Kubernetes Community Meeting, twitter, SIG meetings, event site, discuss.kubernetes.io, and #contributor-summit on Slack.
• Opportunities to get involved: We still have 2019 roles available!
  Reach out to Contributor Experience via community@kubernetes.io, stop by a Wednesday SIG update meeting, or catch us on Slack (#sig-contribex).

Thanks!

Our 2018 crew ?
Jorge Castro, Paris Pittman, Bob Killen, Jeff Sica, Megan Lehn, Guinevere Saenger, Josh Berkus, Noah Abrahams, Yang Li, Xiangpeng Zhao, Puja Abbassi, Lindsey Tulloch, Zach Corleissen, Tim Pepper, Ihor Dvoretskyi, Nancy Mohamed, Chris Short, Mario Loria, Jason DeTiberus, Sahdev Zala, Mithra Raja

And an introduction to our 2019 crew (a thanks in advance 😉 )…
Jonas Rosland, Josh Berkus, Paris Pittman, Jorge Castro, Bob Killen, Deb Giles, Guinevere Saenger, Noah Abrahams, Yang Li, Xiangpeng Zhao, Puja Abbassi, Rui Chen, Tim Pepper, Ihor Dvoretskyi, Dawn Foster

Relive Seattle Contributor Summit

? 80% growth rate since the Austin 2017 December event
? Event waiting list: 103
? 76 contributors were on-boarded through the New Contributor Workshop
? 92% of the current contributors RSVPs attended and of those:
??‍? 25% were Special Interest Group or Working Group Chairs or Tech Leads
? 70% were eligible to vote in the last steering committee election
? 20+ Sessions
? Most watched to date: Technical Vision, Security, API Code Base Tour
? Top 3 according to survey: Live API Code Review, Deflaking Unconference, Technical Vision
? ? 160 attendees for the social at Garage on Sunday night where we sunk eight balls and recorded strikes (out in some cases)
? Special recognition: SIG Storage, @dims, and @jordan
? Pictures (special thanks to rdodev)
Garage Pic
Reg Desk

“I love Contrib Summit! The intros and deep dives during KubeCon were a great extension of Contrib Summit. Y’all did an excellent job in the morning to level set expectations and prime everyone.” – julianv
“great work! really useful and fun!” – coffeepac

Authors:
Paris Pittman (Google), Jonas Rosland (VMware)

tl;dr – click here for Barcelona Contributor Summit information.

As our contributing community grows in great numbers, with more than 16,000 contributors this year across 150+ GitHub repositories, it’s important to provide face to face connections for our large distributed teams to have opportunities for collaboration and learning. In Contributor Experience, our methodology with planning events is a lot like our documentation; we build from personas – interests, skills, and motivators to name a few. This way we ensure there is valuable content and learning for everyone.

We build the contributor summits around you:

• New Contributor
• Current Contributor
  • docs
  • code
  • community management
• Subproject OWNERs
• Special Interest Group (SIG) / Working Group (WG) Chair or Tech Lead
• Active Contributors
• Casual Contributors

These personas combined with ample feedback from previous events, produce the altogether experience that welcomed over 600 contributors in Copenhagen (May), Shanghai(November), and Seattle(December) in 2018. Seattle’s event drew over 300+ contributors, equal to Shanghai and Copenhagen combined, for the 6th contributor event in Kubernetes history. In true Kubernetes fashion, we expect another record breaking year of attendance. We’ve pre-ordered 900+ contributor patches, a tradition, and we are looking forward to giving them to you!

With that said…
Save the Dates:
Barcelona: May 19th (evening) and 20th (all day)
Shanghai: June 24th (all day)
San Diego: November 18th, 19th, and activities in KubeCon/CloudNativeCon week

In an effort of continual improvement, here’s what to expect from us this year:

• Large new contributor workshops and contributor socials at all three events expected to break previous attendance records
• A multiple track event in San Diego for all contributor types including workshops, birds of a feather, lightning talks and more
• Addition of a “201” / “Intermediate” edition of the new contributor workshop in San Diego
• An event website!
• Follow along with updates: kubernetes-dev@googlegroups.com is our main communication hub as always; however, we will also blog here, our Thursday Kubernetes Community Meeting, twitter, SIG meetings, event site, discuss.kubernetes.io, and #contributor-summit on Slack.
• Opportunities to get involved: We still have 2019 roles available!
  Reach out to Contributor Experience via community@kubernetes.io, stop by a Wednesday SIG update meeting, or catch us on Slack (#sig-contribex).

Thanks!

Our 2018 crew ?
Jorge Castro, Paris Pittman, Bob Killen, Jeff Sica, Megan Lehn, Guinevere Saenger, Josh Berkus, Noah Abrahams, Yang Li, Xiangpeng Zhao, Puja Abbassi, Lindsey Tulloch, Zach Corleissen, Tim Pepper, Ihor Dvoretskyi, Nancy Mohamed, Chris Short, Mario Loria, Jason DeTiberus, Sahdev Zala, Mithra Raja

And an introduction to our 2019 crew (a thanks in advance 😉 )…
Jonas Rosland, Josh Berkus, Paris Pittman, Jorge Castro, Bob Killen, Deb Giles, Guinevere Saenger, Noah Abrahams, Yang Li, Xiangpeng Zhao, Puja Abbassi, Rui Chen, Tim Pepper, Ihor Dvoretskyi, Dawn Foster

Relive Seattle Contributor Summit

? 80% growth rate since the Austin 2017 December event
? Event waiting list: 103
? 76 contributors were on-boarded through the New Contributor Workshop
? 92% of the current contributors RSVPs attended and of those:
??‍? 25% were Special Interest Group or Working Group Chairs or Tech Leads
? 70% were eligible to vote in the last steering committee election
? 20+ Sessions
? Most watched to date: Technical Vision, Security, API Code Base Tour
? Top 3 according to survey: Live API Code Review, Deflaking Unconference, Technical Vision
? ? 160 attendees for the social at Garage on Sunday night where we sunk eight balls and recorded strikes (out in some cases)
? Special recognition: SIG Storage, @dims, and @jordan
? Pictures (special thanks to rdodev)
Garage Pic
Reg Desk

“I love Contrib Summit! The intros and deep dives during KubeCon were a great extension of Contrib Summit. Y’all did an excellent job in the morning to level set expectations and prime everyone.” – julianv
“great work! really useful and fun!” – coffeepac

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